Understanding Glaucoma: What Every Patient Needs to Know

Glaucoma is one of the leading causes of irreversible blindness worldwide. Often called the "silent thief of sight," this eye disease progresses gradually, damaging the optic nerve without noticeable symptoms in its early stages. By the time vision changes become apparent, significant and permanent damage may have already occurred. However, with early detection and appropriate treatment, vision loss can often be prevented or slowed.
 

What Is Glaucoma?

Glaucoma is a group of eye diseases that lead to optic nerve damage, typically due to increased pressure in the eye (intraocular pressure or IOP). The optic nerve is essential for transmitting visual information from the eye to the brain, and any damage to it can result in vision loss.
 

There are several types of glaucoma, but the two most common are:

• Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma (POAG): The most prevalent form, POAG develops gradually as fluid drainage becomes less efficient, leading to increased eye pressure. It often has no symptoms until vision is significantly impaired.

• Angle-Closure Glaucoma: This occurs when the drainage angle in the eye closes suddenly, leading to a rapid increase in eye pressure. Symptoms can include severe eye pain, headache, nausea, and blurred vision, making it a medical emergency that requires immediate attention.
   

Risk Factors for Glaucoma

Certain factors can increase the likelihood of developing glaucoma, including:

• Age (over 60)

• Family history of glaucoma

• High intraocular pressure

• African, Hispanic, or Asian descent

• Thin corneas

• Diabetes, high blood pressure, or heart disease

• Long-term use of steroid medications
   

The Importance of Regular Eye Exams

Because glaucoma often develops without symptoms, routine eye exams are the best defense against vision loss. A comprehensive eye exam can detect early signs of glaucoma through tests such as:

• Tonometry: Measures intraocular pressure.

• Ophthalmoscopy: Examines the optic nerve for signs of damage.

• Visual Field Test: Assesses peripheral (side) vision.

• Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT): Provides detailed imaging of the optic nerve and retina.
   

The earlier glaucoma is diagnosed, the more effective treatment can be in preserving vision.
 

Glaucoma Treatment Options

While there is no cure for glaucoma, treatments can slow its progression and help maintain vision. Common treatment options include:

• Prescription Eye Drops: Help reduce intraocular pressure by decreasing fluid production or improving drainage.

• Oral Medications: Occasionally used in conjunction with eye drops to control eye pressure.

• Laser Therapy: Procedures such as selective laser trabeculoplasty (SLT) can enhance fluid drainage.

• Surgery: In more advanced cases, surgical procedures like trabeculectomy or minimally invasive glaucoma surgery (MIGS) may be necessary to improve eye fluid drainage.
   

Protect Your Eyesight at Northside Vision

Glaucoma is a serious condition that can lead to permanent vision loss if left untreated. However, early detection and proper management can help protect your eyesight. Regular comprehensive eye exams are crucial in identifying glaucoma before symptoms appear and preventing long-term damage.
 

If you are at risk for glaucoma, schedule a comprehensive eye exam with Northside Vision for expert eye care. Visit our office in Spokane, Washington, or call (509) 519–4400 to book an appointment today.